{"id":13981,"date":"2024-12-23T14:41:08","date_gmt":"2024-12-23T14:41:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zing.com.pl\/lepenky-uvod\/"},"modified":"2026-03-31T13:04:07","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T13:04:07","slug":"lepenky-uvod","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zing.com.pl\/cs\/lepenky-uvod\/","title":{"rendered":"Lepenky &#8211; \u00favod"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"13981\" class=\"elementor elementor-13981 elementor-11262\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7fcab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d7fcab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;enable_glow_container&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c11189 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c11189\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00edcevrstv\u00e9 lepenky b\u011b\u017en\u011b, ale nespr\u00e1vn\u011b naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 kartony...<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b0683f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4b0683f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;enable_glow_container&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6131422 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6131422\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u00edcevrstv\u00e9 lepenky, obecn\u011b (i kdy\u017e nespr\u00e1vn\u011b) naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 kartony, jsou pap\u00edrov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly skl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se z mnoha vrstev spojen\u00fdch bez pou\u017eit\u00ed lepidla lisov\u00e1n\u00edm za mokra. Symboly GC1 a GC2 jsou zkratkami n\u011bmeck\u00fdch n\u00e1zv\u016f popisuj\u00edc\u00edch strukturu t\u011bchto materi\u00e1l\u016f.<br>Symbol GC1 v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b znamen\u00e1 \u201eGestrichener Chromokarton mit wei\u00dfer R\u0171ckseite\u201c, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 anglick\u00e9mu v\u00fdrazu \u201eCoated FBB white back\u201c a \u010desk\u00e9mu \u201epota\u017een\u00e1 v\u00edcevrstv\u00e1 lepenka krabicov\u00e1 s b\u00edl\u00fdm spodkem\u201c. Anglick\u00e1 zkratka \u201eFBB\u201c znamen\u00e1 \u201eFolding Boxboard\u201c, co\u017e se do \u010de\u0161tiny p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 jako \u201ev\u00edcevrstv\u00e1 lepenka na skl\u00e1dac\u00ed krabice\u201c. Tento symbol v sou\u010dasnosti popisuje pouze vzhled (barvu) povrchu lepenky: vrchu a spodku.   <\/p><p>Symbol GC2 v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b znamen\u00e1 \u201eGestrichener Chromokarton mit heller R\u0171ckseite\u201c, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 anglick\u00e9mu v\u00fdrazu \u201eCoated FBB manila back\u201c a \u010desk\u00e9mu \u201epota\u017een\u00e1 v\u00edcevrstv\u00e1 lepenka krabicov\u00e1 se sv\u011btl\u00fdm (kr\u00e9mov\u00fdm) spodkem\u201c. Tento symbol v sou\u010dasnosti popisuje pouze vzhled (barvu) povrchu lepenky: vrchu a spodku.<br>Obecn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, lepenka GC1 se na prvn\u00ed pohled li\u0161\u00ed od lepenky GC2 pouze barvou spodku \u2013 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b GC1 je spodek b\u00edl\u00fd a pota\u017een\u00fd, zat\u00edmco v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b GC2 je spodek kr\u00e9mov\u00fd \u2013 nebo sv\u011btl\u00fd, bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se kr\u00e9mov\u00e9 \u2013 a nepota\u017een\u00fd nebo lepen\u00fd \u010di pigmentovan\u00fd. To jsou prvn\u00ed rozd\u00edly mezi lepenkami GC1 a GC2, kter\u00e9 si v\u0161imne i laik. Ve skute\u010dnosti je t\u011bchto rozd\u00edl\u016f mnohem v\u00edce; o nich bude pojedn\u00e1no v dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti bro\u017eury.   <\/p><p>Lepenky GC1 a GC2 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k v\u00fdrob\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f krabic, obvykle mal\u00fdch objem\u016f, ur\u010den\u00fdch p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro balen\u00ed v\u00fdrobk\u016f farmaceutick\u00e9ho a potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu.<br>Krom\u011b v\u00edcevrstv\u00fdch lepenek vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch bezlepidlovou metodou se vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed tak\u00e9 tzv. laminovan\u00e9 lepenky, lepen\u00e9 ze such\u00fdch pap\u00edrov\u00fdch vrstev. Ty jsou obvykle mnohem dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e lepenky vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 bezlepidlovou metodou a maj\u00ed proto jin\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed, a\u010dkoli je lze pou\u017e\u00edt i ke stejn\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010delu jako v\u00edcevrstv\u00e9 lepenky \u2013 o pou\u017eit\u00ed bude rozhodovat cenov\u00fd rozd\u00edl.  <\/p><p>Na tomto m\u00edst\u011b je vhodn\u00e9 uv\u00e9st definice lepenky a pap\u00edru, proto\u017ee v sou\u010dasnosti se v\u0161echny pap\u00edrov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky d\u011bl\u00ed pouze do t\u011bchto dvou skupin. Ned\u00e1vno zmizelo z rozd\u011blen\u00ed krit\u00e9rium plo\u0161n\u00e9 hmotnosti1, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvalo je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety. <\/p><p>Prvn\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed pap\u00edrov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f je rozd\u011blen\u00ed na pap\u00edrov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky a pap\u00edrov\u00e9 zpracovan\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky.<br>Pap\u00edrov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed vl\u00e1knit\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly z\u00edskan\u00e9 ve form\u011b arch\u016f nebo p\u00e1su z vhodn\u011b p\u0159ipraven\u00fdch, formovan\u00fdch, odvodn\u011bn\u00fdch a su\u0161en\u00fdch rostlinn\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken (m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto s pod\u00edlem \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch, syntetick\u00fdch, miner\u00e1ln\u00edch vl\u00e1ken), s p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00eddavkem plniv, kl\u00ed\u017eidel, barviv a dal\u0161\u00edch chemick\u00fdch pomocn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek.<\/p><p>Pap\u00edrov\u00e9 zpracovan\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed produkty z\u00edskan\u00e9 podroben\u00edm pap\u00edrov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f proces\u016fm chemick\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed (impregnace, potahov\u00e1n\u00ed) nebo mechanick\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed (vysek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, embosov\u00e1n\u00ed, tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed, lepen\u00ed, se\u0161\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, nav\u00edjen\u00ed atd.) nebo ob\u011bma t\u011bmto proces\u016fm sou\u010dasn\u011b. Typick\u00fdm pap\u00edrov\u00fdm v\u00fdrobkem je nepotahovan\u00fd pap\u00edr a typick\u00fdm pap\u00edrov\u00fdm zpracovan\u00fdm v\u00fdrobkem je<br>potahovan\u00fd pap\u00edr (nebo lepenka), tj. pap\u00edr, jeho\u017e povrch je pokryt pigmentovou sm\u011bs\u00ed.  <\/p><p>Pap\u00edrov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky jsou v sou\u010dasnosti nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi tiskov\u00fdmi podklady, tedy materi\u00e1ly ur\u010den\u00fdmi k potiskov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdmi tiskov\u00fdmi technikami. Slou\u017e\u00ed jako nosi\u010d obrazu vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00e9ho pomoc\u00ed tiskov\u00e9 formy a tiskov\u00e9 barvy nebo &#8211; v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b digit\u00e1ln\u00edho tisku &#8211; pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch toner\u016f nebo inkoust\u016f. <\/p><p>Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed pap\u00edrov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f na pap\u00edr a lepenku je typicky intuitivn\u00ed vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee se nach\u00e1z\u00edme v po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed f\u00e1zi zm\u011bny technologie v\u00fdroby pap\u00edru na v\u00edcevrstvou technologii (pou\u017e\u00edvanou dokonce pro v\u00fdrobu pap\u00edr\u016f s n\u00edzkou plo\u0161nou hmotnost\u00ed). Tato skute\u010dnost vedla k vylou\u010den\u00ed dvou krit\u00e9ri\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed: plo\u0161n\u00e9 hmotnosti a v\u00edcevrstv\u00e9 konstrukce. Zb\u00fdvaj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b dv\u011b intuitivn\u00ed krit\u00e9ria: tuhost a pou\u017eit\u00ed.  <\/p><p>Pap\u00edr lze tedy definovat jako pap\u00edrov\u00fd v\u00fdrobek s relativn\u011b n\u00edzkou tuhost\u00ed a n\u00edzkou hmotnost\u00ed, ur\u010den\u00fd pro psan\u00ed a tisk a v\u00fdrobu: novin a \u010dasopis\u016f, knih a bro\u017eur, akciden\u010dn\u00edch tiskovin (s v\u00fdjimkou tuh\u00fdch obal\u016f s vysokou hmotnost\u00ed), a tak\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00fd pro hygienick\u00e9 a technick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely.<\/p><p>Naproti tomu lepenka je pap\u00edrov\u00fd v\u00fdrobek s vysokou tuhost\u00ed a vysokou hmotnost\u00ed ur\u010den\u00fd pro v\u00fdrobu tuh\u00fdch a t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch obal\u016f a pro kniha\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro v\u00fdrobu v\u0161ech typ\u016f desek a pro technick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00edcevrstv\u00e9 lepenky b\u011b\u017en\u011b, ale nespr\u00e1vn\u011b naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 kartony&#8230; V\u00edcevrstv\u00e9 lepenky, obecn\u011b (i kdy\u017e nespr\u00e1vn\u011b) naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 kartony, jsou pap\u00edrov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly skl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se z mnoha vrstev spojen\u00fdch bez pou\u017eit\u00ed lepidla lisov\u00e1n\u00edm za mokra. Symboly GC1 a GC2 jsou zkratkami n\u011bmeck\u00fdch n\u00e1zv\u016f popisuj\u00edc\u00edch strukturu t\u011bchto materi\u00e1l\u016f.Symbol GC1 v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b znamen\u00e1 \u201eGestrichener Chromokarton mit wei\u00dfer R\u0171ckseite\u201c, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 anglick\u00e9mu v\u00fdrazu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13982,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bez-kategorii"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zing.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zing.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zing.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zing.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zing.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13981"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zing.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13981\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13983,"href":"https:\/\/zing.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13981\/revisions\/13983"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zing.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13982"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zing.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zing.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zing.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}